Chapter 14

אהַלוֹקֵחַ מִן הַסִּיטוֹן וִחָזַר וְלָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה לֹא יְעַשֵּׂר מִזֶּה עַל זֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מִין אֶחָד אֲפִלּוּ מִקֻּפָּה אַחַת. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמַּכִּיר אֶת הֶחָבִית שֶׁהִיא הִיא. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַסִּיטוֹן לוֹקֵחַ מֵאֲנָשִׁים הַרְבֵּה וּמוֹכֵר. וְשֶׁמָּא לָקַח זֶה שֶׁמָּכַר תְּחִלָּה מֵעַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו דְּמַאי וְזֶה שֶׁלָּקַח בַּסּוֹף מֵחָבֵר שֶׁפֵּרוֹתָיו מְתֻקָּנִין. וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ שֶׁאֵין מְעַשְּׂרִין מִן הַחַיָּב עַל הַפָּטוּר וְלֹא מִן הַפָּטוּר עַל הַחַיָּב. וְאִם אָמַר הַסִּיטוֹן מִשֶּׁל אֶחָד הֵן נֶאֱמָן:

1When a person purchases [produce] from a wholesaler and then purchases [produce] from him a second time, he should not separate tithes from one batch for another. [This applies] even if they are of one species, and even from one container, and even if he himself recognized the barrel [from which the produce was taken].¹ [The rationale is that] a wholesaler purchases from many different people and sells [it]. Perhaps the produce he first sold was from a common person whose produce is demai² and the batch he sold later was from a chavair who made the appropriate separations. As we already explained,³ we do not separate tithes from produce that is obligated to be tithed for produce that is exempt or from produce that is exempt for produce that is obligated. If the wholesaler said that [both batches] are from one person, we rely on his word.⁴

בהָיָה מוֹכֵר כְּשׁוּת אוֹ יָרָק וְהֵן מְבִיאִין וְצוֹבְרִין לְפָנָיו הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִמֶּנּוּ מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל כְּשׁוּת וּכְשׁוּת וּמִכָּל אֲגֻדָּה וַאֲגֻדָּה וּמִכָּל תְּמָרָה וּתְמָרָה:

2When [a wholesaler] sells hops or vegetables and they are being brought and collected before him, a purchaser should tithe each bunch of hops, each bundle [of vegetables], and each date individually.⁵

גהַלּוֹקֵחַ מִבַּעַל הַבַּיִת וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁנִיָּה. מְעַשֵּׂר מִזֶּה עַל זֶה. אֲפִלּוּ מִשְּׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת אֲפִלּוּ מִשְּׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת. שֶׁחֶזְקָתוֹ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹכֵר אֶלָּא מִשֶּׁלּוֹ:

3When a person purchases [produce] from a private individual and then purchases [the same species] from him a second time, he may separate the tithes from one batch for the other.⁶ [This applies] even when he purchases [produce] from two containers, and even from two cities. [The rationale is that] we operate under the presumption that a private person sells only his own produce.

דבַּעַל הַבַּיִת שֶׁהָיָה מוֹכֵר יָרָק בַּשּׁוּק בִּזְמַן שֶׁמְּבִיאִין לוֹ מִגִּנּוֹתָיו מְעַשֵּׂר מֵאֶחָד עַל הַכּל. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁמְּבִיאִין לוֹ מִגִּנּוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת אִם לָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ וְחָזַר וְלָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה לֹא יְעַשֵּׂר מִזֶּה עַל זֶה:

4[Different rules apply when] a private person sells vegetables in the market place. When [produce] is brought to him from his gardens, [a purchaser] may tithe from one batch for the entire quantity. If, however, he is also brought [produce] from other gardens, should one purchase a batch from him and then purchase a second batch, he should not tithe from one for the other.⁷

ההַלּוֹקֵחַ פַּת מִן הַנַּחְתּוֹם לֹא יְעַשֵּׂר מִן הַחַמָּה עַל הַצּוֹנֶנֶת שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹמֵר חִטִּים שֶׁל אֶמֶשׁ הָיוּ מִשֶּׁל אֶחָד וְשֶׁל הַיּוֹם מִשֶּׁל אַחֵר:

5When a person purchases bread from a baker, he should not tithe from the warm bread for the cool bread, for one might say that the wheat [used for] yesterday's [bread] was from one person and that [used] for today's is from another.⁸

והַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הַפַּלְטֵר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן דְּפוּסִין הַרְבֵּה מְעַשֵּׂר מֵאֶחָד עַל הַכּל. שֶׁהַנַּחְתּוֹם שֶׁמּוֹכֵר לַמַּנְפּוֹל עוֹשֶׂה עִסָּתוֹ דְּפוּסִין הַרְבֵּה. אֲבָל הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הַמַּנְפּוֹל מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל דְּפוּס וּדְפוּס. שֶׁהַמַּנְפּוֹל לוֹקֵחַ מִשְּׁנֵי נַחְתּוֹמִין:

6When a person purchases [bread] from a bakery⁹ he may tithe from one loaf for all the others even if [the loaves] are from different molds. For a baker who sells to a bakery¹⁰ bakes his dough in different molds. If, however, one purchases [bread] from a distributor, one should tithe each mold individually,¹¹ for a distributor purchases from two [or more] bakers.

זתִּשְׁעָה מַנְפּוֹלִין שֶׁלָּקְחוּ מֵעֲשָׂרָה נַחְתּוֹמִין הוֹאִיל וְאֶחָד מֵהֶן לָקַח מִשְּׁנַיִם כָּל הַלּוֹקֵחַ מֵאֶחָד מִן הַתִּשְׁעָה מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל דְּפוּס וּדְפוּס:

7When nine distributors purchase [bread] from ten bakers, since one of them purchases from two [bakers], anyone who purchases [bread] from one of the nine must tithe each mold individually.¹²

חהַלּוֹקֵחַ מִן הֶעָנִי וְכֵן הֶעָנִי שֶׁנָּתְנוּ לוֹ פְּרוּסוֹת פַּת אוֹ פִּלְחֵי דְּבֵלָה מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת. וּבִתְמָרִים וּבִגְרוֹגָרוֹת בּוֹלֵל הַכּל וּמְעַשֵּׂר. אֵימָתַי בִּזְמַן שֶׁהַמַּתָּנָה מְרֻבָּה. אֲבָל בְּמֻעֶטֶת מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל מַתָּנָה וּמַתָּנָה:

8When a person purchases [bread] from a poor person and similarly, if a poor person was given¹³ slices of bread or slices of a cake of dried figs, he should tithe each one individually. For dates and dried figs, he should group the entire quantity together and tithe them.
When does the above apply? When he was given a large present.¹⁴ If he was given a small present, he should tithe each present individually.¹⁵

טשָׁחַק אֶת הַפַּת וַעֲשָׂאָהּ פֵּרוּרִין וְאֶת הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת וַעֲשָׂאָן דְּבֵלָה מְעַשֵּׂר מֵאֶחָד עַל הַכּל:

9If a person ground a loaf of bread [into] crumbs or ground dried figs and made them into a cake,¹⁶ he should separate tithes for the entire quantity.

יפּוֹעֲלִים אוֹ אוֹרְחִים שֶׁהָיוּ מְסֻבִּין וְאוֹכְלִין וְהוֹתִירוּ פְּרוּסוֹת מְעַשֵּׂר מִכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת: סְלִיקוּ לְהוּ הִלְכוֹת מַעשֵׂר בְּסִיַעְתָּא דִּשְׁמַיָּא

10When workers or guests were reclining and eating and they left over slices [of bread], one should tithe each one individually.¹⁷

Sefaria: Torat Emet 363 · Public domain · sefaria.org

Sefaria: Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007 · CC BY-NC · sefaria.org