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Mishneh Torah, Torah Study

Chapter 3

אבִּשְׁלשָׁה כְּתָרִים נִכְתְּרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה וְכֶתֶר כְּהֻנָּה וְכֶתֶר מַלְכוּת. כֶּתֶר כְּהֻנָּה זָכָה בּוֹ אַהֲרֹן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כה יג) "וְהָיְתָה לּוֹ וּלְזַרְעוֹ אַחֲרָיו בְּרִית כְּהֻנַּת עוֹלָם". כֶּתֶר מַלְכוּת זָכָה בּוֹ דָּוִד שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים פט לז) "זַרְעוֹ לְעוֹלָם יִהְיֶה וְכִסְאוֹ כַשֶּׁמֶשׁ נֶגְדִּי". כֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה הֲרֵי מֻנָּח וְעוֹמֵד וּמוּכָן לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים לג ד) "תּוֹרָה צִוָּה לָנוּ משֶׁה מוֹרָשָׁה קְהִלַּת יַעֲקֹב". כָּל מִי שֶׁיִּרְצֶה יָבוֹא וְיִטּל. שֶׁמָּא תֹּאמַר שֶׁאוֹתָם הַכְּתָרִים גְּדוֹלִים מִכֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי ח טו) "בִּי מְלָכִים יִמְלֹכוּ וְרוֹזְנִים יְחֹקְקוּ צֶדֶק" (משלי ח טז) "בִּי שָׂרִים יָשֹׂרוּ". הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁכֶּתֶר תּוֹרָה גָּדוֹל מִשְּׁנֵיהֶם:

1Three crowns were conferred upon Israel: the crown of Torah, the crown of priesthood, and the crown of royalty. Aaron merited1 the crown of priesthood,2 as [Numbers 25:13] states: "And it will be an eternal covenant of priesthood for him and his descendants after3 him."
David merited the crown of royalty, as [Psalms 89:37] states: "His seed will continue forever, and his throne will be as the sun before Me."
The4 crown of Torah is set aside, waiting, and ready for each Jew,5 as [implied by Deuteronomy 33:4]: "The Torah which Moses commanded us is the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob."6 Whoever desires7 may8 come and take it.9
Lest you say that the other crowns surpass the crown of Torah, [Proverbs 8:15-16] states: "By me, kings reign, princes decree justice,10 and nobles rule." Thus, you have learned that the crown of Torah is greater than the other two.11

באָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים מַמְזֵר תַּלְמִיד חָכָם קוֹדֵם לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל עַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג טו) "יְקָרָה הִיא מִפְּנִינִים". מִכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁנִּכְנָס לִפְנַי וְלִפְנִים:

2Our Sages12 declared that even a Torah Sage who is a mamzer13 deserves precedence over a high priest who is unlearned,14 as [implied by Proverbs 3:15]: "It is more precious than pearls."15 [That verse can be interpreted:]16 more precious than the High Priest who enters the innermost chambers.17

גאֵין לְךָ מִצְוָה בְּכָל הַמִּצְוֹת כֻּלָּן שֶׁהִיא שְׁקוּלָה כְּנֶגֶד תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה אֶלָּא תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה כְּנֶגֶד כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת כֻּלָּן שֶׁהַתַּלְמוּד מֵבִיא לִידֵי מַעֲשֶׂה. לְפִיכָךְ הַתַּלְמוּד קוֹדֵם לְמַעֲשֵׂה בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

3None of the other mitzvot can be equated to the study of Torah. Rather, the study of Torah can be equated to all the mitzvot,18 because study leads to deed.19 Therefore, study takes precedence over deed20 in all cases.21

דהָיָה לְפָנָיו עֲשִׂיַּת מִצְוָה וְתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה. אִם אֶפְשָׁר לַמִּצְוָה לְהֵעָשׂוֹת עַל יְדֵי אֲחֵרִים לֹא יַפְסִיק תַּלְמוּדוֹ. וְאִם לָאו יַעֲשֶׂה הַמִּצְוָה וְיַחֲזֹר לְתַלְמוּדוֹ:

4[The following rules apply] when a person is confronted with the performance of a mitzvah and the study of Torah:22 If the mitzvah can be performed by another individual, he should not interrupt his studies.23 If not,24 he should perform the mitzvah,25 and then return to his studies.

התְּחִלַּת דִּינוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם אֵינוֹ נִדּוֹן אֶלָּא עַל הַתַּלְמוּד וְאַחַר כָּךְ עַל שְׁאָר מַעֲשָׂיו. לְפִיכָךְ אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים לְעוֹלָם יַעֲסֹק אָדָם בַּתּוֹרָה בֵּין לִשְׁמָהּ בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ שֶׁמִּתּוֹךְ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָהּ בָּא לִשְׁמָהּ:

5The first aspect of a person's judgement [in the world to come] will center on Torah study. Only afterwards will his other deeds [be considered].26
Accordingly, our Sages27 would say: "A person should always occupy himself in Torah study, whether for God's sake or even if not for God's sake,28 for from [the study of Torah which] is not carried out for God's sake29 will come [the study of Torah which] is carried out for God's sake.30

ומִי שֶׁנְּשָׂאוֹ לִבּוֹ לְקַיֵּם מִצְוָה זוֹ כָּרָאוּי וְלִהְיוֹת מֻכְתָּר בְּכֶתֶר תּוֹרָה. לֹא יַסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ לִדְבָרִים אֲחֵרִים. וְלֹא יָשִׂים עַל לִבּוֹ שֶׁיִּקְנֶה תּוֹרָה עִם הָעשֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד כְּאַחַת. (משנה אבות ו ד) "כָּךְ הִיא דַּרְכָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה. פַּת בַּמֶּלַח תֹּאכַל וּמַיִם בַּמְּשׂוּרָה תִּשְׁתֶּה וְעַל הָאָרֶץ תִּישַׁן וְחַיֵּי צַעַר תִּחְיֶה וּבַתּוֹרָה אַתָּה עָמֵל". וְלֹא עָלֶיךָ הַדָּבָר לִגְמֹר וְלֹא אַתָּה בֶּן חוֹרִין לִבָּטֵל מִמֶּנָּה. וְאִם הִרְבֵּיתָ תּוֹרָה הִרְבֵּיתָ שָׂכָר. וְהַשָּׂכָר לְפִי הַצַּעַר:

6A person whose heart inspires him to fulfill this mitzvah in a fitting manner31 and to become crowned with the crown of Torah32 should not divert his attention to other matters.33 He should not set his intent on acquiring Torah together with wealth and honor simultaneously.34
[Rather,] this is the path of Torah:35 Eat bread with salt, drink water in small measure, sleep on the ground, live a life of difficulty, and toil in Torah.36
The task is not incumbent upon you to complete,37 nor are you free to desist from it.38 If you have acquired much Torah, you have acquired much reward,39 and that reward is commensurate with the difficulty [invested].40

זשֶׁמָּא תֹּאמַר עַד שֶׁאֲקַבֵּץ מָמוֹן אֶחֱזֹר וְאֶקְרָא. עַד שֶׁאֶקְנֶה מַה שֶּׁאֲנִי צָרִיךְ וְאֶפָּנֶה מֵעֲסָקַי וְאֶחֱזֹר וְאֶקְרָא. אִם תַּעֲלֶה מַחֲשָׁבָה זוֹ עַל לִבְּךָ אֵין אַתָּה זוֹכֶה לְכִתְרָהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה לְעוֹלָם. אֶלָּא עֲשֵׂה תּוֹרָתְךָ קֶבַע וּמְלַאכְתְּךָ עַרְאַי (משנה אבות ב ד) וְלֹא תֹּאמַר "לִכְשֶׁאֶפָּנֶה אֶשְׁנֶה שֶׁמָּא לֹא תִּפָּנֶה":

7Perhaps, one will say: "[I will interrupt my studies] until after I gather money, and then I will return and study, [I will interrupt my studies] until after I buy what I need, and then, when I can divert my attention from my business, I will return and study."41 If you consider such thoughts, you will never merit the crown of Torah.42
Rather, make your work secondary, and your Torah study a fixed matter.43 Do not say: "When I have free time, I will study," for perhaps you will never have free time.

חכָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה (גמרא עירובין נה א) "לֹא בַשָּׁמַיִם הִיא וְלֹא מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם הִיא". לֹא בַשָּׁמַיִם הִיא לֹא בְּגַסֵּי הָרוּחַ הִיא מְצוּיָה וְלֹא בִּמְהַלְּכֵי מֵעֵבֶר לַיָּם הִיא. לְפִיכָךְ אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים (משנה אבות ב ה) "לֹא כָּל הַמַּרְבֶּה בִּסְחוֹרָה מַחְכִּים". וְצִוּוּ חֲכָמִים הֱוֵי מְמַעֵט בְּעֵסֶק וַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה:

8It is written in the Torah [Deuteronomy44 30:12, 13]: "It is not in the heavens....It is not across the sea...." [This implies:] "It is not in the heavens"45 - i.e., it is not found in the proud spirited. "It is not across the sea"46 - i.e., it is not found in those who travel across the sea.
Therefore, our Sages said:47 "Not everyone who is involved in business will become wise."48 Our Sages also commanded:49 "Minimize your business activities and occupy50 yourself with Torah."51

טדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה נִמְשְׁלוּ כַּמַּיִם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נה א) "הוֹי כָּל צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם". לוֹמַר לְךָ מַה מַּיִם אֵינָם מִתְכַּנְּסִין בִּמְקוֹם מִדְרוֹן אֶלָּא נִזְחָלִין מֵעָלָיו וּמִתְקַבְּצִים בִּמְקוֹם אַשְׁבּוֹרֶן כָּךְ דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה אֵינָם נִמְצָאִים בְּגַסֵּי הָרוּחַ וְלֹא בְּלֵב כָּל גְּבַהּ לֵב אֶלָּא בְּדַכָּא וּשְׁפַל רוּחַ שֶׁמִּתְאַבֵּק בַּעֲפַר רַגְלֵי הַחֲכָמִים וּמֵסִיר הַתַּאֲווֹת וְתַעֲנוּגֵי הַזְּמַן מִלִּבּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּכָל יוֹם מְעַט כְּדֵי חַיָּיו אִם לֹא הָיָה לוֹ מַה יֹּאכַל וּשְׁאָר יוֹמוֹ וְלֵילוֹ עוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה:

9The words of Torah can be compared to water, as [Isaiah 55:1] states: "Behold, all who are thirsty, come to the water."52 This teaches you that just as water does not collect on an incline, but rather flows from it and collects in a low place, similarly, the words of Torah will not be found in the arrogant or in the hearts of any of the haughty,53 but rather in the humble and lowly, who sit in the dust at the feet of the Sages54 and remove the desires and pleasures of the times from their hearts. They do only a minimal amount of work each day [to earn] their livelihood if they have nothing else to eat.55 The rest of their days and nights56 are involved with Torah study.

יכָּל הַמֵּשִׂים עַל לִבּוֹ שֶׁיַּעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה וְלֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מְלָאכָה וְיִתְפַּרְנֵס מִן הַצְּדָקָה הֲרֵי זֶה חִלֵּל אֶת הַשֵּׁם וּבִזָּה אֶת הַתּוֹרָה וְכִבָּה מֵאוֹר הַדָּת וְגָרַם רָעָה לְעַצְמוֹ וְנָטַל חַיָּיו מִן הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. לְפִי שֶׁאָסוּר לֵהָנוֹת מִדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים (משנה אבות ד ה) "כָּל הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִדִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה נָטַל חַיָּיו מִן הָעוֹלָם". וְעוֹד צִוּוּ וְאָמְרוּ (משנה אבות ד ה) "אַל תַּעֲשֵׂם עֲטָרָה לְהִתְגַּדֵּל בָּהֶן וְלֹא קַרְדֹּם לַחְפֹּר בָּהֶן". וְעוֹד צִוּוּ וְאָמְרוּ (משנה אבות א י) "אֱהֹב אֶת הַמְּלָאכָה וּשְׂנָא אֶת הָרַבָּנוּת", (משנה אבות ב ב) "וְכָל תּוֹרָה שֶׁאֵין עִמָּהּ מְלָאכָה סוֹפָהּ בְּטֵלָה וְגוֹרֶרֶת עָוֹן". וְסוֹף אָדָם זֶה שֶׁיְּהֵא מְלַסְטֵם אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

10Anyone who comes to the conclusion that he should involve himself in Torah study without doing work and derive his livelihood from charity, desecrates [God's] name,57 dishonors the Torah, extinguishes the light of faith, brings evil upon himself, and forfeits the life of the world to come, for it is forbidden to derive benefit from the words of Torah in this world.58
Our Sages declared:59 "Whoever benefits from the words of Torah forfeits his life in the world."60 Also, they commanded and declared:61 "Do not make them a crown to magnify oneself,62 nor an axe to chop with."63 Also, they commanded and declared:64 "Love work and despise Rabbinic positions."65 All Torah that is not accompanied by work will eventually be negated and lead to sin.66 Ultimately, such a person will steal from others.67

יאמַעֲלָה גְּדוֹלָה הִיא לְמִי שֶׁהוּא מִתְפַּרְנֵס מִמַּעֲשֵׂה יָדָיו. וּמִדַּת חֲסִידִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים הִיא. וּבָזֶה זוֹכֶה לְכָל כָּבוֹד וְטוֹבָה שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְלָעוֹלָם הַבָּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים קכח ב) "יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ כִּי תֹאכֵל אַשְׁרֶיךָ וְטוֹב לָךְ" (משנה אבות ו ד) "אַשְׁרֶיךָ בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְטוֹב לָךְ לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא" שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ טוֹב:

11It is a tremendous advantage for a person to derive his livelihood from his own efforts.68 This attribute was possessed by the pious of the early generations.69 In this manner, one will merit all [types70 of] honor and benefit in this world71 and in the world to come,72 as [Psalms 128:2] states: "If you eat the toil of your hands,73 you will be happy and74 it will be good for75 you."
"You will be happy" - in this world. "It will be good for you" - in the world to come, which is entirely good.

יבאֵין דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה מִתְקַיְּמִין בְּמִי שֶׁמַּרְפֶּה עַצְמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶן. וְלֹא בְּאֵלּוּ שֶׁלּוֹמְדִין מִתּוֹךְ עִדּוּן וּמִתּוֹךְ אֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה. אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁמֵּמִית עַצְמוֹ עֲלֵיהֶן וּמְצַעֵר גּוּפוֹ תָּמִיד וְלֹא יִתֵּן שֵׁנָה לְעֵינָיו וּלְעַפְעַפָּיו תְּנוּמָה. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים דֶּרֶךְ רֶמֶז (במדבר יט יד) "זֹאת הַתּוֹרָה אָדָם כִּי יָמוּת בְּאֹהֶל" אֵין הַתּוֹרָה מִתְקַיֶּמֶת אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁמֵּמִית עַצְמוֹ בְּאָהֳלֵי הַחֲכָמִים. וְכֵן אָמַר שְׁלֹמֹה בְּחָכְמָתוֹ (משלי כד י) "הִתְרַפִּיתָ בְּיוֹם צָרָה צַר כֹּחֶכָה". וְעוֹד אָמַר (קהלת ב ט) "אַף חָכְמָתִי עָמְדָה לִּי" חָכְמָה שֶׁלָּמַדְתִּי בְּאַף הִיא עָמְדָה לִי. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים בְּרִית כְּרוּתָה שֶׁכָּל הַיָּגֵעַ בְּתוֹרָתוֹ בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה הוּא מְשַׁכֵּחַ. וְכָל הַיָּגֵעַ בְּתַלְמוּדוֹ בְּצִנְעָה מַחְכִּים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יא ב) "וְאֶת צְנוּעִים חָכְמָה". וְכָל הַמַּשְׁמִיעַ קוֹלוֹ בִּשְׁעַת תַּלְמוּדוֹ תַּלְמוּדוֹ מִתְקַיֵּם בְּיָדוֹ. אֲבָל הַקּוֹרֵא בְּלַחַשׁ בִּמְהֵרָה הוּא שׁוֹכֵחַ:

12The words of Torah will not be permanently acquired by a person who applies himself feebly [to obtain] them, and not by those who study amid pleasure and [an abundance] of food and drink.76 Rather, one must give up his life for them,77 constantly straining his body to the point of discomfort,78 without granting sleep to his eyes or slumber to his eyelids.79
The Sages alluded to this concept,80 [interpreting Numbers 19:14:] "This is the Torah, a man should he die in a tent..."81 [to mean that] the Torah cannot be permanently acquired except by a person who gives up his life in the tents of wisdom.82
Similarly, Solomon said in his wisdom [Proverbs 24:10]: "If you faint in the day of adversity, your strength is small."83 He also said [Ecclesiastes 2:9]: "Also, my wisdom remained with me." [This can be interpreted to mean:] The wisdom which I learned in anger,84 this is what remained with me.85
Our Sages declared:86 A covenant has been established that anyone who wearies himself in Torah study in a house of study87 will not forget it quickly.88 Anyone who wearies himself in Torah study in private will become wise, as [Proverbs 11:2] states: "To the modest will come89 wisdom."
Whoever raises his voice during his studies90 will permanently acquire the subject matter.91 In contrast, one who reads silently will forget quickly.

יגאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּצְוָה לִלְמֹד בַּיּוֹם וּבַלַּיְלָה אֵין אָדָם לָמֵד רֹב חָכְמָתוֹ אֶלָּא בַּלַּיְלָה. לְפִיכָךְ מִי שֶׁרָצָה לִזְכּוֹת בְּכֶתֶר הַתּוֹרָה יִזָּהֵר בְּכָל לֵילוֹתָיו וְלֹא יְאַבֵּד אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד מֵהֶן בְּשֵׁנָה וַאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה וְשִׂיחָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אֶלָּא בְּתַלְמוּד תּוֹרָה וְדִבְרֵי חָכְמָה. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים אֵין רִנָּה שֶׁל תּוֹרָה אֶלָּא בַּלַּיְלָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איכה ב יט) "קוּמִי רֹנִּי בַלַּיְלָה". וְכָל הָעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה בַּלַּיְלָה חוּט שֶׁל חֶסֶד נִמְשָׁךְ עָלָיו בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהילים מב ט) "יוֹמָם יְצַוֶּה ה' חַסְדּוֹ וּבַלַּיְלָה שִׁירֹה עִמִּי תְּפִלָּה לְאֵל חַיָּי". וְכָל בַּיִת שֶׁאֵין נִשְׁמָעִים בּוֹ דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה בַּלַּיְלָה אֵשׁ אוֹכַלְתּוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב כ כו) "כָּל חשֶׁךְ טָמוּן לִצְפּוּנָיו תְּאָכְלֵהוּ אֵשׁ לֹא נֻפָּח". (במדבר טו לא) "כִּי דְבַר ה' בָּזָה" זֶה שֶׁלֹּא הִשְׁגִּיחַ עַל דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה כָּל עִקָּר. וְכֵן כָּל שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לוֹ לַעֲסֹק בַּתּוֹרָה וְאֵינוֹ עוֹסֵק אוֹ שֶׁקָּרָא וְשָׁנָה וּפֵרַשׁ לְהַבְלֵי עוֹלָם וְהֵנִיחַ תַּלְמוּדוֹ וּזְנָחוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה בִּכְלַל בּוֹזֶה דְּבַר ה'. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל הַמְבַטֵּל אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעשֶׁר סוֹפוֹ לְבַטְּלָהּ מֵעֹנִי וְכָל הַמְקַיֵּם אֶת הַתּוֹרָה מֵעֹנִי סוֹפוֹ לְקַיְּמָהּ מֵעשֶׁר. וְעִנְיָן זֶה מְפֹרָשׁ הוּא בַּתּוֹרָה, הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (דברים כח מז) "תַּחַת אֲשֶׁר לֹא עָבַדְתָּ אֶת ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּשִׂמְחָה וּבְטוּב לֵבָב מֵרֹב כּל" (דברים כח מח) "וְעָבַדְתָּ אֶת אֹיְבֶיךָ". וְאוֹמֵר (דברים ח ב) "לְמַעַן עַנֹּתְךָ" (דברים ח טז) "לְהֵיטִבְךָ בְּאַחֲרִיתֶךָ":

13Even though it is a mitzvah to study during the day and at night,92 it is only at night that a person acquires most of his wisdom.93 Therefore, a person who desires to merit the crown of Torah94 should be careful with all his nights, not giving up even one to sleep,95 eating, drinking,96 talk,97 or the like. Rather, [they should be devoted to] the study of Torah and the words of wisdom.
Our Sages declared: "The song of Torah can [be heard] only at night, as [Eichah 2:19] states: 'Arise, sing out at night...’“98
Whoever occupies himself with Torah study at night will have a strand of [Divine] favor extended over him during the day, as [implied by Psalms 42:9]: "During the day, God ordains His kindness and, at night, His song is with me, a prayer to the living God."99
[In contrast], any house in which the words of Torah cannot be heard at night will be consumed by fire, as [implied by Job 20:26]: "All the darkness100 is hidden away from His treasures;101 a fire that need not be blown will consume him."
[The verse, Numbers 16:31,] "He scorned the word of God," applies to someone who pays no attention to Torah at all.102 Similarly, anyone who has the potential to occupy himself with Torah study and does not,103 or who has studied both the Written and Oral Law and turned away to the vanities of the world, leaving behind his study and ignoring it, is included in the category104 of "those who scorn the word of God."105
Our Sages declared: "Whoever neglects Torah study when wealthy will ultimately neglect it amidst poverty. Whoever maintains the Torah in poverty will ultimately maintain it amidst prosperity."106 This concept is explicitly mentioned in the Torah [Deuteronomy 28:47-48], which states: "Because you did not serve God, your Lord, with happiness and good feeling when there was an abundance of everything, you shall serve your enemies,"107 and [Deuteronomy 8:16] states: "so that you shall suffer...so that ultimately He will make you prosper."

Sefaria: Torat Emet 363 · Public domain · sefaria.org

Sefaria: Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007 · CC BY-NC · sefaria.org

Imported from sefaria · Sefaria: Torat Emet 363 · public-domain · at the source

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